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The word calibration is associated with the concepts of accuracy of standard or measuring instrument where measurement error and uncertainty are dealt with.
Calibration is a process where you can compare measuring instrument with a measurement standard to facilitate the relation between the values indicated by the instrument and those of the standard.
Calibration makes comparison of an unknown measurement device against the better standard. Calibration process helps to adjust the output/indication on a measurement instrument to have the value of the applied standard with accuracy. With the help of calibration constants, you can correct and adjust the indication of errors in thermometer. Therefore it will result in the true temperature in Celsius at specific points on the scale. In computing too, you can create relationship between the physical pen position and the position of the cursor on the screen by calibrating an interactive white board pen or other input method.
Demonstrable traceability has to be there to give confidence in the accuracy of calibration results.So it is necessary that the results we achieve through calibrating measurement standard used has be traceable back to standards through an unbroken chain of comparisons where each link has declared a kind of measurement uncertainties. These standards have to be held at a national measurement institute. In the calibration process trained and authorized personnel has to use appropriate equipment and procedures. Great importance was laid on traceability. This traceability notion is seen in different organizations, documents, techniques and measurements within a large and diverse measurement community. That is why one has to be systematic with a view to interact with each other or with our clients.
The topics of measurement traceability, quality assurance programs etc, are normally linked to the topics of measurement uncertainty by modern metrological notions. The employment of calibrated standards or instruments is an essential component of uncertainty budget. A reference value, i.e. an International System (IS) unit, which can be transferred by the calibration process to the instrument/artifact under calibration process that creates the unbroken chain of comparisons required for traceability.
As calibration is the only process that determines the measurement capabilities of the instruments, systems or instruments usually have to be calibrated to achieve accuracy in measurement.
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